Reviewed oxyacid guide

H₂SO₄ Lewis Structure: Sulfuric Acid

A common minimized-formal-charge classroom structure is HO–S(=O)₂–OH. Both hydrogens are bonded to oxygen atoms, while sulfur is connected to four oxygens.

Reviewed July 16, 2026 · Classroom expanded-valence convention

Quick answer

Valence electrons

2 H contribute 2, S contributes 6 and 4 O contribute 24: 32 electrons.

Connectivity

Two oxygens are –OH groups; the other two are commonly drawn as S=O.

Geometry

Four S–O electron domains give tetrahedral geometry around sulfur.

How to draw H₂SO₄

  1. Place sulfur in the center and connect four oxygen atoms.
  2. Attach each hydrogen to a different oxygen, producing two –OH groups.
  3. Complete oxygen octets and account for all 32 electrons.
  4. In the common minimized-charge form, make the two non-hydroxyl S–O bonds double bonds.
  5. Check that formal charges are zero in this representation.

Why hydrogen is not bonded to sulfur

Oxyacid formulas do not show connectivity directly. In sulfuric acid, the acidic hydrogens belong to hydroxyl groups. Drawing S–H bonds gives the wrong functional structure and acid behavior.

Convention note: some courses discuss charge-separated all-single-bond alternatives. The displayed structure is the widely used expanded-valence, minimized-formal-charge form.